Bending tool and method for reshaping a bone plate

ABSTRACT

A bone plate system for reshaping a bone plate to conform to contours of bone surfaces. The system comprises a bone plate, a pair of spaced-apart guides removably attached to the bone plate, and a bending tool. The bending tool comprises a handle and a head attached to a distal end of the handle. The head defines a cavity sized and shaped to engage the pair of spaced-apart guides. The bone plate system is configured to transfer a leverage force applied by a user to the bending tool while the cavity of the head is fitted over the pair of spaced-apart guides to a regionalized bending moment to the bone plate through the pair of spaced-apart guides to reshape the bone plate.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/579,949 filed on Oct. 15, 2009. The entire disclosure of the aboveapplication is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates in general to orthopedic surgical devicesand procedures, and more particularly, to internal fixation devices,instruments, and methods for the surgical correction of bones or for therepair of fractured bones of a patient.

BACKGROUND

Orthopedic surgeons are increasingly aware of the importance of properlytreating midfoot fractures and dislocations, due partly to the morewidespread use of CT and MRI scans. Even apparently simple avulsionfractures may be associated with significant joint damage that may leadto late pain. Since there is relatively little motion in the midfoot,successful fusion of the midfoot joints after fracture does not resultin major disability. Therefore, a common surgical option for treatingmidfoot fractures and dislocations is fixation of adjacent bones usingbone plates and/or screws.

Improvements to currently available bone plates for fusing the bones ofthe midfoot, as well as other bones of the foot, are needed for numerousreasons. For example, currently surgeons must first tightly drawtogether the bones of the midfoot before fixation with a bone plate. Insome situations, it may be difficult for the surgeon to maintain thecompression of bones until fixation, thereby resulting in undesirablegaps at the multi-directional, intersecting joint lines between thebones.

The following discloses novel implants, instruments, and methods fororthopedic surgery, which may be used in the bones of the foot or inother anatomies.

SUMMARY

This section provides a general summary of the disclosure, and is not acomprehensive disclosure of its full scope or all of its features.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a bone plate system forreshaping a bone plate to conform to contours of bone surfaces. Thesystem comprises a bone plate, a pair of spaced-apart guides removablyattached to the bone plate, and a bending tool. The bending toolcomprises a handle and a head attached to a distal end of the handle.The head defines a cavity sized and shaped to engage the pair ofspaced-apart guides. The bone plate system is configured to transfer aleverage force applied by a user to the bending tool while the cavity ofthe head is fitted over the pair of spaced-apart guides to aregionalized bending moment to the bone plate through the pair ofspaced-apart guides to reshape the bone plate.

In another aspect, the bone plate system of the present disclosurecomprises a bone plate defining at least four threaded holes, eachthreaded hole being preassembled with a guide removably attachedthereto, thereby forming a first pair and a second pair of spaced-apartguides. A bending tool set is provided comprising two bending tools. Afirst bending tool has a first handle and a first head attached to adistal end of the first handle. The first head defines a first cavitysized and shaped to engage the first pair of spaced-apart guides. Asecond bending tool has a second handle and a second head attached to adistal end of the second handle. The second head defines a second cavitysized and shaped to engage the second pair of spaced-apart guides. Thebone plate system is configured to transfer opposite leverage forcesapplied by a user to each of the bending tools to a regionalized bendingmoment to the bone plate through the first and second pairs ofspaced-apart guides to reshape a region of the bone plate between thefirst and second pairs of spaced-apart guides.

In yet another aspect, the present disclosure provides a method forreshaping a bone plate to conform to contours of bone surfaces. Themethod comprises obtaining a bone plate system. The bone plate systemincludes a bone plate preassembled with a plurality of guides removablyattached thereto. The bone plate system further includes first andsecond bending tools. Each bending tool comprises a handle and a headattached to a distal end of the handle. Each head defines a cavityconfigured to engage two of the guides. The method includes fitting thecavity of the first bending tool over a first pair of guides, andfitting the cavity of the second bending tool over a second pair ofguides. Opposite leverage forces are applied to each handle of the firstand second bending tools while each cavity is fitted over the respectivepair of guides, thereby transferring a regionalized bending momentthrough the guides and into the bone plate to bend a region of the boneplate. The first and second bending tools are then removed from therespective pairs of guides.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The following description and the accompanying drawings illustratenon-limiting examples of the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, likereference numerals identify the same elements.

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a first bone plate, shown assembledwith a plurality of drill guides, for fusion of the dorsal midfoot ofthe surgical patient;

FIG. 2 is a dorsal view of the bones of the human foot, showing thefirst bone plate of FIG. 1, (shown without the drill guides for clarity)positioned on the dorsal midfoot;

FIG. 3A is a top view of the first bone plate;

FIG. 3B is a side view of the first bone plate;

FIG. 3C is an end view of the first bone plate;

FIG. 3D is a bottom view of the first bone plate;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a locking screw;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a compressing screw;

FIG. 6 is a top view of the first bone plate partially attached to thebones of the dorsal midfoot using four compressing screws;

FIG. 7 is a side view of the first bone plate, compressing screws andbones of the dorsal midfoot shown in FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a top view of the first bone plate fully attached to the bonesof the dorsal midfoot using four compressing screws and four lockingscrews;

FIG. 9 is a top perspective view of a bending tool;

FIG. 10A is a bottom view of the bending tool of FIG. 9;

FIG. 10B is a side view of the bending tool of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 shows an opposing pair of bending tools oriented for placementonto the drill guides preassembled to the first bone plate, which hasbeen initially positioned on the bones of the dorsal midfoot;

FIG. 12 shows the opposing pair of bending tools placed onto the drillguides preassembled to the first bone plate, such that a user may applya leverage force to the bending tools to transmit a bending moment tothe first bone plate to reshape it about its anterior-posterior axis;

FIG. 13 is a top perspective view of a second bone plate, shownassembled with a plurality of drill guides, for the fusion of the bonesof the medial lateral column of the surgical patient's foot;

FIG. 14 is a bottom perspective view of the second bone plate of FIG.13, shown assembled with the plurality of drill guides;

FIG. 15 is a medial view of the human foot 10 and shows the result of astep of a first fusion method, wherein the user attaches the second boneplate to the navicular tarsal bone by insertion of three locking screws;

FIG. 16 shows the result of another step of the first fusion method,wherein the user partially attaches the second bone plate to the firstcuneiform bone by the insertion of one compressing screw after the stepof FIG. 15;

FIG. 17 shows the result of another step of the first fusion method,wherein the user fully attaches the second bone plate to the firstcuneiform bone by the insertion of three locking screws after the stepof FIG. 16;

FIG. 18 shows the result of another step of the first fusion method,wherein the user partially attaches the second bone plate to the firstmetatarsal bone by the insertion of one compressing screw after the stepof FIG. 17;

FIG. 19 shows the result of another step of the first fusion method,wherein the user fully attaches the second bone plate to the firstmetatarsal bone by the insertion of three locking screws after the stepof FIG. 18, thereby completing the fusion of the medial column of thepatient's foot;

FIG. 20 shows the result of a step of a second fusion method, whereinthe user partially attaches the second bone plate to the metatarsal bythe insertion of one compressing screw after the step of FIG. 15; and

FIG. 21 shows the result of a number of steps of the second fusionmethod, wherein the user completes the attachment of the second boneplate to the bones of the medial column after the step of FIG. 20.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a first bone plate 40, as it may beprovided by the manufacturer, shown preassembled with a plurality ofdrill guides 80. FIG. 4 shows a compressing screw 95 and a locking screw93. A dorsal midfoot bone plate system may include first bone plate 40preassembled with plurality of drill guides 80, a plurality ofcompressing screws 95 and a plurality of locking screws 93.

FIG. 2 is a dorsal view of the bones of the human foot 10, showing firstbone plate 40 positioned on the dorsal midfoot 15. FIG. 2 also indicatesthe conventional medical terms, “anterior, posterior, medial, lateral”,as we shall refer to the sides of the human foot 10. The bones of thehuman foot 10 include the navicular tarsal bone 12, the first cuneiform14, the second cuneiform 16, the third cuneiform 18, the firstmetatarsal 20, the second metatarsal 22, the third metatarsal 24, thefourth metatarsal 26, the fifth metatarsal 28, the first phalanges 30,the second phalanges 32, the third phalanges 34, the fourth phalanges 36and the fifth phalanges 38. The dorsal midfoot 15 is formed by theconvergence of the second cuneiform 16, the third cuneiform 18, thesecond metatarsal 22 and the third metatarsal 24.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D are orthogonal views of first bone plate 40,which are described next in conjunction with FIG. 1. First bone plate 40has a frame 46 that has a quadrilateral shape that defines a window 56,a top surface 42 and a bottom surface 44 that contacts the bone surfacesafter implantation. In this embodiment, frame 46 has an approximatelysquare shape defining window 56. Frame 46 defines an anterior-posterioraxis 134 (or A-P axis 134) and a medial-lateral axis 136 (or M-L axis136).

Frame 46 has a first corner 48 containing a first threaded hole 49, asecond corner 50 containing a second threaded hole 51, a third corner 52containing a third threaded hole 53, and a fourth corner 54 containing afourth threaded hole 55. Each of first, second, third and fourththreaded holes, 49, 51, 53 and 55 may be a tapered, multiple-lead, andinternally threaded hole.

As may be viewed most easily in FIG. 3D, the thickness of first corner48, second corner 50, third corner 52 and fourth corner 54 areapproximately equal and may be greater than the portions of frame 46connecting them to facilitate reshaping of first bone plate 40 duringthe surgical procedure.

Each of first, second, third and fourth threaded holes, 49, 51, 53 and55 respectively, may be preassembled with one of the plurality of drillguides 80 threaded into the holes, an example of which is disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 8,172,884. Each of the plurality of drill guides 80facilitate drilling of a properly aligned pilot hole into the bone forreceiving a locking screw 90 shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 1, drill guide 80, includes a barrel portion 82 havinga barrel diameter and a barrel length. For the drill guide embodimentshown herein, the barrel diameter may be approximately in the range of 2mm to mm and barrel length may be approximately in the range of 5 mm to10 mm. When drill guide 80 is preassembled to bone plate 40, the barrelportion extends above top surface 42. Drill guide 80 has a threadedportion 84 that threadably engages into any one of the threaded holes49, 51, 53 and 55. Drill guide 80 has a through bore 86 that is coaxialwith the threaded portion and sized to guide the drill bit required todrill the properly sized pilot hole. Drill guide 80 has a hex-shaped,drive socket 88 provided for insertion and removal of drill guide 80into bone plate 40.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that it would also be possibleto removably attach any one of numerous other types of threaded,cylindrical elements into any one of threaded holes 49, 51, 53 and 55.For example, a solid, threaded, cylindrical element such as a shortscrew with a cylindrical head may be removably attached to a threadedhole. Although such a cylindrical element does not have a through borefor guiding a drill, it may still be used in conjunction with a bendingtool, such as the tool shown in FIG. 47 of US20090118768 to reshape boneplate 40.

Locking screw 90 includes a tapered, multiple-lead, externally threadedhead 94 designed for threadable, locking engagement into any one ofthreaded holes 49, 51, 53 and 55. Locking screw has a drive socket 93, athreaded shank 92 for engagement into cortical bone, and a self-tappingtip 91. For the embodiment of locking screw 90 shown herein, threadedshank 92 may have a major diameter, for example, of 1.25 mm.

Still referring to FIGS. 1, 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D, first bone plate 40further includes a first tab 58 extending from corner 48 and containinga first slot 59 having a first longitudinal axis 69, a second tab 60extending from corner 50 and containing a second slot 61 having a secondlongitudinal axis 71, a third tab 62 extending from third corner 52 andcontaining a third slot 63 having a longitudinal axis 73, and a fourthtab 64 extending from corner 54 and containing a fourth slot 65 having afourth longitudinal axis 75. Each of first longitudinal axis 69, secondlongitudinal axis 71, third longitudinal axis 73 and fourth longitudinalaxis 75 is directed in the plane of frame 46 and approximatelydiagonally through window 56.

Each of first slot 59, second slot 61, third slot 63 and fourth slot 65may receive a compressing screw 95, which is shown in FIG. 5. As will bedescribed, compressing screw 95 may be used to move bone parts togetherprior to inserting additional locking screws to complete attachment ofthe bone plate to the bone parts. Compressing screw 95 may be formedfrom a variety of metal alloys, such as Ti6Al4V, and includes a smoothconical head 99 having a drive socket 98, a threaded shank 97 forengagement into cortical bone, and a self-tapping tip 96. Threaded shank97 may, for example, have a major diameter of 1.25 mm.

First bone plate 40 may be formed from a titanium alloy, a stainlesssteel or any one of a number of biocompatible materials well-known inthe art. The manufacturing processes for forming first bone plate 40 arealso well-known, although the exact processes may vary to providedesired mechanical properties such as the ability to be reshaped duringthe surgical procedure to conform to the bone surfaces.

The user may attach first bone plate 40 onto the bones of the dorsalmidfoot 15 as described next in conjunction with FIGS. 6, 7 and 8. FIG.6 is a top view and FIG. 7 is a side view showing first bone plate 40partially attached to the bones of the dorsal midfoot 15 using fourcompressing screws 95. One compressing screw 95 passes through firstslot 59 and threadably engages into the second cuneiform 16; onecompressing screw 95 passes through second slot 61 and threadablyengages into the second metatarsal 22; one compressing screw 95 passesthrough third slot 63 and threadably engages into the third cuneiform18; one compressing screw 95 passes through fourth slot 65 andthreadably engages into the third metatarsal 24.

To achieve the result shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the user may first make anincision over the bones of the dorsal midfoot 15, retract the softtissues and then place first bone plate 40 onto the dorsal midfoot 15,such that window 56 approximately centers over the junction of the fourbones of the dorsal midfoot 15. The user may choose to reshape firstbone plate 40 (as will be described later for FIGS. 11 and 12) untilfirst bone plate 40 conforms closely to the contours of the surfaces ofthe bones. To insure good screw engagement into bone and implantation ofa robust construct, the user may position first tab 58 over the secondcuneiform 12, second tab 60 over the second metatarsal 22, third tab 62over the third cuneiform 18 and fourth tab 64 over the third metatarsal24.

Next, one at a time, the user may drill each pilot hole and thenpartially insert each compressing screw 95 until all four compressingscrews are partially engaged into the four bones of the dorsal midfoot15. The user may then gradually tighten each of the four compressingscrews 95 alternately until each is snuggly engaged into the underlyingbone. Each of first slot 59, second slot 61, third slot 63 and fourthslot 65 are oriented diagonally as described for FIG. 3A, such thatfully inserting each compressing screw 95 in the respective slot urgesmovement of the attached underlying bone approximately inwardly againstthe other three bones of the dorsal midfoot 15. Therefore, upon fullinsertion of the four compressing screws 95, the four bones of thedorsal midfoot 15 are dynamically compressed inwardly together,simultaneously in both the anterior-posterior direction and themedial-lateral direction. This type of compression, also referred to as“multi-axial compression”, as opposed to axial compression provided byprevious bone plates, helps the user to achieve minimal spacing betweenthe four bone parts so that the bone parts may fuse together. Thoseskilled in the art will now envision other possible types of bone platesincorporating multi-axial compression for drawing together multiple boneparts of various types, including whole bones and bone fragments offractured bones.

Once the four compressing screws 95 are fully inserted, the user maydrill four pilot holes and insert four locking screws 90 as shown inFIG. 8, thereby completing the fusion of the bones of the dorsal midfoot15.

For clarity, FIGS. 6 and 7 do not show the first plurality of drillguides 80 preassembled into first bone plate 40, such as is shown inFIG. 2. Clearly, it is possible to use a handheld drill guide to drilleach of the pilot holes for the four locking screws 90. However,preassembled drill guides 80 as shown in FIG. 2 provides numerousadvantages. One advantage is that providing the first plurality of drillguides 80 preassembled to first bone plate 40 enables the user toreshape first bone plate 40 in vivo, as will be described next.

The method just described is one of a number of possible methodembodiments for attaching first bone plate 40 to the bones of the dorsalmidfoot. For example, in an alternate method embodiment, the user mayprepare the surgical site and position first bone plate 40 on the bonesof the dorsal midfoot as previously described. Next the user may fullyinsert a pair of compressing screws 95 on one side of plate 40 and thenfully insert a pair of locking screws 90 on the same side of plate 40.Next the user may fully insert a pair of compressing screws 95 on theopposite side of plate 40 and then fully insert a pair of locking screws90 on that side of plate 40.

FIG. 9 is a top perspective view, FIG. 10A is a bottom view and FIG. 10Bis a side view of a first bone plate bending tool 100 that includes adistal end 102, a proximal end 104 and a longitudinal axis 116 extendingtherebetween. First bending tool 100 further includes a distal head 108that is attached to distal end 102 of a handle 106. Distal head 108 hasa cavity 110 sized and shaped to fit over a pair of adjacent drillguides 80, wherein the axes defined by bore 86 of each drill guide 80are approximately parallel.

As labeled in FIG. 9, cavity 100 has a cavity length (CL), a cavitywidth (CW) and a cavity depth (CD). The cavity width is slightly greaterthan the barrel diameter of drill guide 80. The cavity length is greaterthan the sum of twice the barrel diameter and the separation distancebetween the adjacent drill guides 80. The cavity depth may be, forexample, at least half of the barrel length of drill guide 80 to provideample engagement of cavity 100 to the adjacent pair of drill guides 80to transmit a high leverage force without slipping apart. To insuremaximum engagement, the cavity depth may be equal to or greater than thebarrel length.

A bone tool set may include a second bending tool 100′ that is identicalto first bending tool 100. FIGS. 11 and 12 depict how the user may usebending tool set 101 to reshape first bone plate 40 about AP axis 134.First bending tool 100 may be fitted over a first pair 81 of drillguides 80, and second bending tool 100′ may be fitted over a second pair83 of drill guides 80, wherein the first pair 81 and second pair 83 arepreassembled to bone plate 40 on opposing sides of the region of boneplate 40 to be bent. As shown in FIG. 12, first pair 81 defines a firstpair axis 85 and second pair 83 defines a second pair axis 87, which isapproximately parallel to first pair axis 85.

As shown in FIG. 12 and indicated by arrows, the user may apply aleverage force to bending tool 100 in a direction that is approximatelyperpendicular to first pair axis 85 and an equal and opposite leverageforce to bending tool 100′ in a direction that is approximatelyperpendicular to second pair axis 87. In this way, the user maycontrollably transmit a sufficient bending moment into the region ofbone plate 40 between first pair 81 and second pair 83 to bend boneplate 40 about A-P axis 134, thereby reshaping bone plate 40 to conformmore closely to the contours of the underlying bone surfaces.Alternately, the user may use bending tool set 101 to bend first boneplate 40 about M-L axis 136, in which case, first pair 81 would includethe two drill guides 80 anterior to M-L axis 136 and second pair 83would include the two drill guides 80 posterior to M-L axis 134.

Tool 100 and second tool 100′ may be used to reshape bone plate 40already positioned onto the bone site as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, ormay be used to reshape bone plate 40 outside of the patient's body. Theuser may use the pair of tools 100, 100′ to bend first bone plate 40about the A-P axis 134, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12.

In some situations, it may also be possible for the user to apply aleverage force to first bending tool 100 fitted over first pair 81 ofdrill guides 80, while holding bone plate 40 by hand or against arelatively immovable, sterile surface, for example.

Using bending tool set 101 enables the user to apply a regionalizedbending moment to the bone plate. This may reduce the number of toolapplications required to reshape the bone plate, reduce surgical time,and help create a desired, uniform bend about an axis of the bone plate.In addition, using each bending tool to apply the leverage force to apair of adjacent drill guides (or other types of cylindrical elementsinserted into the threaded holes, as noted earlier). Compared toengagement with a single drill guide, by applying force to more than onedrill guide the stress magnitude is significantly reduced at thethreaded engagement between each drill guide and corresponding threadedhole. This may allow the user to apply much greater leverage force tothe bending tools, so that it is possible to bend significantly stifferbone plates.

Bending tool 100 may further include a proximal end effector 112 and aproximal post 114. Distal end 102 defines a distal axis 118 that mayform an angle “A” with longitudinal axis 116. Proximal end 104 defines aproximal axis 120 that may form an angle “B” with longitudinal axis 116.The angles “A” and “B” facilitate access and visualization to thesurgical wound site during use and the ergonomic application of handforce. Tool 100 may be formed from a stainless steel or any one of manyother rigid, biocompatible materials that are commonly used for surgicalinstruments.

Still referring to FIGS. 9, 10A and 10B, proximal end effector 112 oftool 100 may include a slot 113 that is sized and shaped to fit closelyover the thickness of first bone plate 40. Similarly, tool 100′ includesa similar, proximal end effector and slot, such that the pair of tools100, 100′ may also be used like a pair of conventional, surgical bendingirons that are well-known in the art.

Post 114 is sized and shaped to fit into the bore of drill guide 80,thereby enabling the user another way to apply force individually to anyone of drill guides preassembled to first bone plate 40. Using post 114of tool 100 in opposition to tool 100′ having a post 114′ (not shown)enables the user to apply a directed bending force to first bone plate40, such as may be useful for “tweaking” the final, desired shape offirst bone plate 40.

Proximal end effector 112 and post 114 also enable the user to use tool100 on other bone plates that are preassembled with drill guides 80, butthat do not have a pair of drill guides properly spaced for use withdistal head 108.

FIG. 13 is a top perspective view and FIG. 14 is a bottom perspectiveview of a second bone plate 120, shown preassembled with a plurality ofdrill guides 80. A medial column fusion system for fusing the bones ofthe medial column (inside) of the surgical patient's foot includessecond bone plate 120 that is preassembled with plurality of drillguides 80, a plurality of compressing screws 95 and a plurality oflocking screws 93.

FIG. 15 shows the result of a step of a first fusion method andillustrates the positioning of second bone plate 120 on the medialcolumn 17 of foot 10. The medial column 17 is formed by a series ofthree bones of the inner foot: the navicular tarsal 12, the firstcuneiform 14 and the first metatarsal 20.

As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, second bone plate 120 has a generallyelongated shape defining a longitudinal axis 125, a top surface 130 anda bottom surface 132 for contact against the underlying bones of themedial column 17. Second bone plate 120 includes a body element 122 andan arm element 119 extending from body element 122. Arm element 119 andbody element 122 extend nearly parallel to each other along oppositesides of longitudinal axis 125. A first span element 121 and a secondspan element 123 bridge between arm element 119 and body element 122.

As shown in FIG. 13, second bone plate 120 has three longitudinalportions that correspond to the underlying bones to which they are to beattached: a tarsal portion 124, a cuneiform portion 126 and a metatarsalportion 128. A first tab 131 extends transversely from tarsal portion124 and a second tab 133 extends transversely from metatarsal portion128. As shown in FIG. 14, portions of arm element 119, body element 122,first span 121, second span 123, first tab 131 and second tab 133 have asmaller thickness than the thickness of the rest of second bone plate120 to facilitate bending in those regions for reshaping second boneplate 120 to conform to the contours of the underlying bone surfaces.

Second bone plate 120 includes a plurality of threaded holes 138, eachof which may be identical to threaded holes 49, 51, 53 and 55 of firstbone plate 40 (FIG. 1). Each of tarsal portion 124, cuneiform portion126 and metatarsal portion 128 may include at least one threaded hole138 preassembled with drill guide 80, although for the embodiment shownin FIGS. 13 and 14, each portion has three threaded holes preassembledwith three drill guides 80. Cuneiform portion 126 also includes a firstslot 127 and metatarsal portion 128 also includes a second slot 129.First slot 127 and second slot 129 may be identical to slots 59, 61, 63and 65 of first bone plate 40 and may be used with compressing screw 95(FIG. 5). First slot 127 and second slot 129 are configured and orientedto provide axial compression in a direction towards tarsal portion 124and approximately parallel to longitudinal axis 125.

Drill guides 80 provide for drilling coaxially aligned pilot holes forbone screws into the bone. The user also may use drill guides 80 incombination with one or an opposing pair of bending tools, such as firstbending tools 100 and second bending tool 100′, to reshape bone plate120. As previously noted, the user may insert post 114 of first andsecond bending tools 100, 100′ into bore 86 of drill guides 80 and applya leverage force to transmit a bending moment into bone plate 120. It isalso possible to use other types of bending tools, including withoutlimitation bending irons that engage a single drill guide or bendingtools that directly engage the plate.

As described previously for first bone plate 40, second bone plate 120may be formed from a variety of metal alloys, such as Ti6Al4V, or anyone of a number of biocompatible materials commonly used for theconstruction of bone plates using conventional manufacturing techniques,although some variations of manufacturing techniques may be employed toprovide specific mechanical properties.

Two surgical methods are described next for fusing the bones of themedial column of the foot using the medial column fusion system. In afirst fusion method, the navicular tarsal 12 and the first cuneiform 14are first drawn together and then the first metatarsal 20 is drawnagainst the first cuneiform 14. In a second fusion method, the naviculartarsal 12 and the first metatarsal 20 are drawn together while the firstcuneiform 14 is permitted to move with the first metatarsal 20.

FIGS. 15-19 depict the results of steps included in the first fusionmethod. FIGS. 15, 20 and 21 depict the results of steps included in thesecond fusion method.

FIGS. 15-21 show second bone plate 40 without preassembled drill guides80. For the steps of the first and second fusion methods described next,it should be understood that insertion of locking screw 90 includesdrilling a pilot hole into bone with either drill guide 80 preassembledto second bone plate 120, a conventional handheld drill guide or withoutany type of drill guide, although the latter is likely to result inbinding of the screw being inserted if the pilot hole in the bone is notcoaxial with the threaded hole of the plate. However, providing secondbone plate 120 with preassembled drill guides 80 enables the user toperform the surgical procedure more quickly and more accurately than ifusing a handheld drill guide and also provides the ability to reshapethe bone plate using bone shaping tools as previously described. Whenusing second bone plate 120 with preassembled drill guides 80, eachdrill guide 80 should be removed from second bone plate 120 afterdrilling the pilot hole.

Similarly, for the steps of the first and second fusion methodsdescribed next, it should be understood that insertion of compressingscrew 95 includes drilling a pilot hole into bone.

The first steps for both the first and second fusion methods includeincising the soft tissues overlying the medial column 17 of the foot 10and retracting the soft tissues to expose the bones of the medialcolumn.

The next step of both the first and second fusion methods is depicted inFIG. 15 in which the user attaches second bone plate 120 to thenavicular tarsal 12. The user inserts at least one locking screw 94through tarsal portion 124 of second bone plate 120 and into thenavicular tarsal 12, although for this embodiment of second bone plate120, the user may insert up to three locking screws 94 through tarsalportion 124 and into the navicular tarsal 12.

The remaining steps of the first fusion method include the following:The user partially attaches second bone plate 120 to the first cuneiform14 by the insertion of one compressing screw 95 through first slot 127of cuneiform portion 126 of second bone plate 140 and into theunderlying cuneiform 14 (FIG. 16). This step axially compressescuneiform 14 against navicular tarsal 12. Then the user inserts at leastone locking screw 90 through cuneiform portion 127 of second bone plate120 and into cuneiform 14, although for this embodiment of second boneplate 120, the user may insert up to three locking screws 90 (FIG. 17)through cuneiform portion 126. Next the user inserts compressing screw95 through second slot 129 of metatarsal portion 128 of second boneplate 120 and into the metatarsal 20 (FIG. 18). This step axiallycompresses the metatarsal 20 against the cuneiform 14. Next the usercompletes the fusion of medial column 17 by inserting at least onelocking screw 90 through metatarsal portion 128 of second bone plate 120and into the metatarsal 20 (FIG. 19), although for this embodiment theuser may insert up to three locking screws 90 through metatarsal portion128.

The remaining steps of the second fusion method (after performing thestep depicted in FIG. 15) include the following: The user insertscompressing screw 95 through second slot 129 of second bone plate 120and into the metatarsal 20 (FIG. 20). The user then inserts at least onelocking screw 90 through metatarsal portion 128 of second bone plate 120and into the metatarsal 20. For this embodiment, the user may insert upto three locking screws 90 through metatarsal portion 128 (FIG. 21).Next the user inserts compressing screw 95 through slot 127 of cuneiformportion 126 and into cuneiform 14. For this step, the user may choose toinsert compressing screw 95 into a “neutral”, central portion of slot127, such that the head of screw 95 does not forcefully interact withslot 127. This is because the desired compression of the bones wasalready achieved by the insertion of compressing screw 95 in second slot129. Finally, the user inserts at least one locking screw 90 throughcuneiform portion 126 of second bone plate 120 and into the cuneiform14, although for this embodiment the user may insert up to three lockingscrews 90 through cuneiform portion 126.

For both the first and second fusion methods, after the user hascompleted the attachment of second bone plate 120 to the medial column17, the user finally closes the incision using conventional techniquesfor this type of surgical procedure.

Having shown and described various embodiments and examples of thepresent invention, further adaptations of the methods and devicesdescribed herein can be accomplished by appropriate modifications by oneof ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of thepresent invention. Several of such potential modifications have beenmentioned, and others will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Forexample, the specific materials, dimensions, and the scale of drawingswill be understood to be non-limiting examples. As a further example,the foregoing disclosure included many examples of foot anatomy, but theteachings of this disclosure may also be used for bones of otheranatomies. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention should beconsidered in terms of the following claims and is understood not to belimited to the details of structure, materials, or acts shown anddescribed in the specification and drawings.

The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided forpurposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to beexhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Individual elements or featuresof a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particularembodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be usedin a selected embodiment, even if not specifically shown or described.The same may also be varied in many ways. Such variations are not to beregarded as a departure from the disclosure, and all such modificationsare intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. A bone plate system for reshaping a bone plate toconform to contours of bone surfaces, the system comprising: a boneplate; a pair of spaced-apart guides removably attached to the boneplate; and a bending tool comprising: a handle; and a head attached to adistal end of the handle, the head defining a cavity sized and shaped toengage the pair of spaced-apart guides, wherein the bone plate system isconfigured to transfer a leverage force applied by a user to the bendingtool while the cavity of the head is fitted over the pair ofspaced-apart guides to a regionalized bending moment to the bone platethrough the pair of spaced-apart guides to reshape the bone plate. 2.The bone plate system of claim 1, wherein the handle comprises a bodyextending between a proximal end and the distal end, and wherein theproximal end defines a first longitudinal axis, the distal end defines asecond longitudinal axis, and the body defines a third longitudinalaxis, further wherein the first longitudinal axis is angled relative tothe third longitudinal axis, and the second longitudinal axis is angledrelative to the first and third longitudinal axes.
 3. The bone platesystem of claim 2, wherein the handle further comprises an effectordefining a slot, the effector being disposed at the proximal end of thehandle and extending transversely relative to the first longitudinalaxis.
 4. The bone plate system of claim 1, wherein each of the pair ofspaced-apart guides has a barrel portion extending above a top surfaceof the bone plate and defining an axis, the respective axes beingapproximately parallel to each other, wherein the barrel portion has abarrel length and a barrel diameter, and the cavity has a cavity widthgreater than the barrel diameter, a cavity depth at least half of thebarrel length, and a cavity length greater than twice the barreldiameter.
 5. The bone plate system of claim 1, wherein the handledefines a handle axis, the head defines a head axis, and the handle axisforms an acute angle with respect to the head axis at a location distalto the head.
 6. The bone plate system of claim 1, wherein the handlefurther comprises a post extending from a proximal end, the post beingsized and shaped to fit into a bore defined in one of the spaced-apartguides.
 7. The bone plate system of claim 1, wherein a separationdistance between the spaced-apart guides is from about 5 mm to about 25mm.
 8. A bone plate system for reshaping a bone plate to conform tocontours of bone surfaces, the system comprising: a bone plate definingat least four threaded holes, each threaded hole being preassembled witha guide removably attached thereto, thereby forming a first pair and asecond pair of spaced-apart guides; and a bending tool set comprising: afirst bending tool having a first handle and a first head attached to adistal end of the first handle, the first head defining a first cavitysized and shaped to engage the first pair of spaced-apart guides; and asecond bending tool having a second handle and a second head attached toa distal end of the second handle, the second head defining a secondcavity sized and shaped to engage the second pair of spaced-apartguides, wherein the bone plate system is configured to transfer oppositeleverage forces applied by a user to each of the bending tools to aregionalized bending moment to the bone plate through the first andsecond pairs of spaced-apart guides to reshape a region of the boneplate between the first and second pairs of spaced-apart guides.
 9. Thebone plate system of claim 8, wherein a separation distance betweenadjacent guides is from about 5 mm to about 25 mm.
 10. The bone platesystem of claim 8, wherein the each of the guides has a barrel portionextending above a top surface of the bone plate and defining an axis,the respective axes of the guides of the first pair of spaced-apartguides are approximately parallel to each other and the respective axesof the guides of the second pair of spaced-apart guides areapproximately parallel to each other, wherein the barrel portion has abarrel length and a barrel diameter, and each of the first and secondcavities of the first and second heads has a cavity width greater thanthe barrel diameter, a cavity depth at least half of the barrel length,and a cavity length greater than twice the barrel diameter.
 11. The boneplate system of claim 8, wherein: the first handle defines a firsthandle axis and the first head defines a first head axis, and the firsthandle axis forms an acute angle with respect to the first head axis ata location distal to the first head; and the second handle defines asecond handle axis and the second head defines a second head axis, andthe second handle axis forms an acute angle with respect to the secondhead axis at a location distal to the second head.
 12. The bone platesystem of claim 8, wherein the first and second bending tools includerespective first and second effectors extending laterally outward fromthe first and second handles.
 13. The bone plate system of claim 8,further comprising first and second posts extending from respectiveproximal ends of the first and second handles.
 14. The bone plate systemof claim 8, wherein each of the first and second handles includes a bodyextending between a proximal end and the head, and wherein the proximalend defines a first longitudinal axis, the head defines a secondlongitudinal axis, and the body defines a third longitudinal axis,wherein the first longitudinal axis is angled relative to the thirdlongitudinal axis, and the second longitudinal axis is angled relativeto the first and third longitudinal axes.
 15. A method for reshaping abone plate to conform to contours of bone surfaces, the methodcomprising: obtaining a bone plate system comprising: a bone platepreassembled with a plurality of guides removably attached thereto; andfirst and second bending tools, each bending tool comprising a handleand a head attached to a distal end of the handle, each head defining acavity configured to engage two of the plurality of guides; fitting thecavity of the first bending tool over a first pair of guides and fittingthe cavity of the second bending tool over a second pair of guides;applying opposite leverage forces to each handle of the first and secondbending tools while each cavity is fitted over the respective pair ofguides, thereby transferring a regionalized bending moment through theguides and into the bone plate to bend a region of the bone plate; andremoving the first and second bending tools from the respective pairs ofguides.
 16. The method of claim 15, comprising positioning the boneplate on a surface of the bones of a surgical patient while reshapingthe bone plate.
 17. The method of claim 15, comprising simultaneouslyapplying equal and opposite leverage forces to each handle of the firstand second bending tools.
 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the boneplate defines a plurality of threaded screw holes, each of the pluralityof threaded screw holes being preassembled with one of the plurality ofguides.